Saturday, May 2, 2026

When “I Know I’m Right” Replaces Research: A Troubling Trend in Genealogy

 

AI Generated

In the past two weeks, I’ve received four emails from individuals new to genealogy either questioning my public tree on Ancestry.com or inquiring about my professional services.

Each one carried the same message: “The information you have is wrong.”

Let me start with something I say often: no genealogical tree is 100% accurate. Until every individual in every line has been DNA tested and even then, interpreted correctly, there will always be some uncertainty. That’s simply the nature of this work.

But these interactions weren’t thoughtful challenges or collaborative inquiries. They were something else entirely.

They were confrontational, dismissive, and, frankly, uninformed.

The first individual demanded proof of a family adoption story. I recommended DNA testing. They had already tested but refused to share the results and insisted I find documentary proof.

Here’s the problem: no records exist for that place and time. None. The best available evidence is a census record placing the child in the same household at three months old and still there decades later. That wasn’t enough. I was told I didn’t know what I was doing.

DNA would likely resolve the question but there’s a reason it wasn’t being shared. DNA doesn’t lie. And when people avoid it, that usually tells you something.

The second email was even more puzzling. I was instructed to delete an individual from my tree because it was “messing up [her] DNA matches.”

We didn’t match.
The individual in question is on my husband’s line.
She didn’t match him either.

Her conclusion? A child who died young actually moved to Illinois, changed his name completely, married, and died in the 1940s.

Her evidence?An Ancestry hint from ten years ago that only matched a birthdate. No sources showed a name change. No documentation. No records connecting the identities. Just confidence that in the entirety of Sweden, only 1 male was born on the same day. I’m not making this up!

When I asked basic genealogical questions such as death certificate? marriage record? naturalization? she didn’t understand what I meant. She had been researching for a few months and was certain her conclusion was correct because a now deceased relative had believed it 10 years ago. I declined to alter a fully sourced line.

The third interaction was more familiar but still frustrating.

A man insisted I had the wrong parents for his great-grandfather. His proof was a death certificate, with information provided by the son.

I explained what experienced genealogists know: informants can be wrong. Memory fails. Grief clouds details.

In contrast, I had a letter written by the man himself shortly before his death, naming his parents and explaining his childhood circumstances. I even provided the citation so he could verify it.

His response? “You’re still wrong. Remove it.” He also admitted he didn’t know how to locate the record I referred to online. Sigh.

That was the point where I made a decision: I removed the entire line from my public tree. Not because I was wrong but because the interaction wasn’t worth the time it would take to defend it.

The final exchange involved a demand to remove a death record because “everyone has it wrong.”

No documentation was provided. Instead, the argument rested on a theory built from DNA matches and a guess involving a child being banished to another colony 300+ years ago.

Could there be a connection? Possibly.

Was there proof? No.

When I tried to guide her toward alternative explanations, such as descent from a sibling, she wasn’t interested. She didn’t want to explore the truth. She wanted confirmation.

So I’ll ask the question plainly: Are you experiencing this shift, too?

For over 25 years, I’ve found most genealogists to be curious, collaborative, and open to learning. But recently, something feels different.

More certainty.
Less evidence.
And a growing resistance to being wrong.

I had a conversation about this with my husband, who pointed me to research from the National Literacy Institute suggesting that a significant portion of U.S. adults read below a sixth-grade level.

As a former reading teacher, that stopped me.

Because genealogy requires more than reading, it requires interpretation, analysis, and the ability to weigh conflicting evidence.

Without those skills, it becomes easy to mistake a hint for proof… or a belief for a conclusion.

And that brings me to where I am now.

I’ve always believed in keeping my tree public. I don’t “own” my ancestors. I’ve invested time and money into my research because I wanted to know the truth, not because I expected anything in return.

But I’ll be honest: I’m reconsidering. Not because of disagreement. Disagreement is part of good research. But because of something else entirely:

A refusal to learn.
A rejection of standards.
And an insistence that confidence equals correctness.

In every one of these cases, I recommended learning about the Genealogical Proof Standard.

Not one person was interested. That’s the real concern. Because if we lose the standard…we don’t just lose accuracy, we lose genealogy itself.

If you're thinking this is an AI problem, it isn't. Genealogists have always worked with flawed records, mistaken informants, and misleading clues.
What is new is the speed at which conclusions are formed and the confidence with which they’re defended without the work required to support them.

If you’re new to genealogy, welcome. Truly. But confidence is not evidence. And belief is not proof. Start there and you’ll go far.

Friday, April 24, 2026

Hints for Family History Travel in Chaotic Times

 

The Agean Sea from Kos Island, 4 Apr 2026, photo by Lori Samuelson.

Last week I shared the story of our trip to Greece including my long-awaited journey to Kos Island, where my family lived some 2,000 years ago, based on mtDNA and family tradition. This week, I’m answering the questions I’ve been getting and offering a few practical tips if you’re planning a similar trip to anywhere in the world.

Let’s start with the obvious, how do you even get to a remote place like Kos?

Your first step is to determine a route. Kos is not on the standard cruise circuit. You have two options: fly from Athens (about 55 minutes) or take a boat from Bodrum, Turkey (roughly 15 minutes). We flew from Athens since we were already returning there from Crete.

Once you’ve figured out how to reach your ancestral location, the next step is getting around. You can rent a car if you’ve secured an international driver’s license or you can hire a driver.

I hire a driver. Every time.

Why? Because I don’t need the added stress of navigating unfamiliar roads, signs, and driving customs while trying to absorb a place that actually matters to me. A good driver knows exactly where to go, how to get there efficiently, and more importantly, what you shouldn’t miss. They often become your best local resource for food, history, and those small, meaningful stops you would never find on your own.

People always ask how I manage to find trusted drivers around the world. The answer is simple: I build relationships. Conferences, professional networks like Association of Professional Genealogists and LinkedIN, and years of working with people in different regions.

In Sweden, I hired a genealogist who also worked as a part-time tour guide for Gate 1 Travel. In Croatia, I was connected with a genealogist/archaeologist. In France and Germany, a sixth cousin I met at a conference volunteered.

Kos was different, I had no contacts. So, I took a chance through Travelocity, and it paid off. GetTransferKOS was excellent. Once the driver understood why I was there, he went beyond the standard route to our hotel and showed us sites my ancestors would have known. That’s the difference between transportation and experience.

Next question: hotels.

If I’m traveling with a company like Gate 1 or Trafalgar, I let them handle accommodations. But I almost always add extra days, before or after the tour, to explore independently. Our ancestors rarely lived in postcard destinations. They lived off the beaten path, and if you want to understand their lives, you need to go there too.

Ask your hotel concierge or desk clerk for off the beaten locales you should visit. When my Travelocity half day tour didn't show up, the desk clerk called a colleague who arrived within 20 minutes to show us his beautiful homeland, along with fresh baked cookies his wife was making for Easter. He knew where the vineyards once grew on Kos and took us there. This was important to me as no physical records have been found to mark the location which was where my ancestors once lived:

Former Vineyard Site, Kos Island, Greece, 4 April 2026, photo by Lori Samuelson.

Money is another practical issue people overlook. If your family came from rural areas, carry some local currency. Credit cards aren’t always accepted, I ran into that repeatedly in Ireland and once in Greece when roadwork brought the internet down at the restaurant.

That said, I still prefer using a credit card whenever possible. With the right travel card, you’ll get a better exchange rate than most banks offer, and it gives you a clean, trackable record of your spending.

Now, let’s talk technology.

I use a phone plan that supports international travel. No roaming. I keep calls to a minimum, rely heavily on texting, and use my phone constantly for photos. Each night, I connect to hotel Wi-Fi and upload everything to Dropbox.

Why? Because I once lost photos in the backwoods of Mexico when I crushed my phone, and I don’t make the same mistake twice.

I also use Geni, my ChatGPT research assistant to help me identify photos when I get home. What was the name of the location of a statue of Leonis? The best part with this trip was the translations.

Asklipieio Archeaological Site, Kos Island, Greece, 4 Apr 2026, photo by Lori Samuelson.

There were no English markers as we toured Asklipieo so I took photos so I could later discover what we were looking at. Geni told me this means memorial markers, which makes sense as the next photo (below) shows recesses in a wall that likely once held those markers:

Security and customs were another big concern people raised.

We had no major issues though I’ll admit O'Hare International Airport tested my patience.

Coming back into the U.S., you have to retrieve your luggage, clear customs, recheck your bags, and then go through security again if you have a connecting flight. It’s inefficient, but it is what it is.

Customs itself took about 15 minutes. United Airlines had staff ready to help recheck bags quickly, and there were helpful Traveler’s Aid volunteers guiding people to their gates. Thankfully, there were no ICE agents in sight, just people actually trying to help travelers get where they needed to go. No chaos, just a system that could be better.My only issue? Exhaustion.

I forgot I had a tiny bottle of water in my bag, security flagged it. Then they asked if I had a laptop. I didn’t but I did have Kindles. That triggered another rescan.

Here’s the irony: every other airport we passed through: Fort Wayne, Vienna, Munich, Athens, Crete, Kos handled this without issue. Chicago? Not so much. You’d think one of the busiest airports in the world would have updated equipment by now.

Stateside, things can be just as odd. Earlier in March, we had “enhanced security” in Fort Wayne; meaning we had to walk past a dog just to enter the bridge. Two weeks later, nothing.

Welcome to consistency, American-style.

We do have TSA Pre Check but not Global Entry. I try to fly into Detroit rather than Chicago which has a much smoother customs with shorter lines. I've tried several times using the Mobile Passport Control app (free) but it never works for me.

Another question I’ve been getting: where next?

Honestly, nowhere overseas for now.

I’m not booking international travel until there’s a change in “leadership” in the U.S. I’m not interested in last-minute cancellations or absorbing costs because someone decides to escalate tensions. Add in rising oil prices and airlines cutting routes, and it’s just not worth the gamble at the moment.

Otherwise, I’d already be planning a trip to Barbados to walk in the footsteps of family lines from the late 1600s into the early 1700s.

For now, that one waits.

As for anti-American sentiment, no, I didn’t experience any hostility. What I did hear, repeatedly, was: “What’s wrong with Donald Trump?” Excellent question!

To their credit, people I met didn’t assume I represented every American viewpoint. That’s something we could learn from.

In the meantime, I have plenty of travel ahead, just closer to home. I’ll be presenting at the National Genealogical Society conference in Fort Wayne (hardly a trip for me!), along with events for Palatines in America and several venues across Texas, Utah, Minnesota, Kentucky, and the Midwest.

So no, I’m not slowing down.

Just adjusting the map for now.

Saturday, April 18, 2026

Greece: Tourist and Genealogywise

 

A sculptural gathering of the twelve Olympian gods, seated and standing in hierarchical order, evokes the structure of divine authority on Mount Olympus. At the center sits Zeus, surrounded by the major deities who governed every aspect of ancient Greek life—from war and wisdom to love, the sea, and the harvest. Unlike mythological battle scenes, this composition presents the gods as a unified, if complex, family—ordered, powerful, and ever-present in the Greek world. Photo by Lori Samuelson 25 Mar 2026, Acropolis Museum, Athens, Greece.

I’ve been getting quite a few messages asking about our recent trip to Greece, so I decided to put together a two-part blog with some background this week, and next week I’ll share recommendations if you’re planning your own adventure.

A week before our March departure, we received an email from our travel agent, Gate 1 Travel, telling us our cruise ship was stuck in the Strait of Hormuz. Translation: your trip might not happen.

Three days later, they gave us two options: cancel and get a full refund, or accept a revised itinerary: four days in Crete.

We went.

I refuse to let bullying politicians dictate whether I get to walk in the footsteps of my ancestors.

The trip itself? Smooth, except for the weather, which seemed determined to test our resolve. Intermittent downpours followed us as we climbed mountains in the cold. Where was Zeus when we needed him?

Storm clouds over the Parthenon, 25 March 2026, Photo by Lori Samuelson.

We made our way through Athens, climbed the Parthenon, continued on to Olympia, then Delphi where I picked up a cough that I chose to ignore, and on to Meteora. From there, back to Athens and a short flight to Crete.

And that’s where things got… strange.

I swear our hotel room in Crete was haunted. The first night, I had vivid, unsettling dreams. When I woke, my side of the mattress was halfway off the bed. I had to wake my husband to help fix it.

The next night? His turn. Same thing, odd dreams, followed by a thud as he hit the floor. His mattress was halfway off as well.

We’ve been married over fifty years. This has never happened. Not once.

Sahara Dust Storm before it got worse - seriously! Photo by Lori Samuelson, Crete, 1 April 2026.

Then came day three: a Sahara dust storm. Apparently they happen about three times a year, but this one, on April 1st, of all days, was next level. Nature’s idea of an April Fools joke.

Housekeeping had left our balcony door open.

We came back to a room coated in fine orange dust. My cough worsened, my eyes started itching and watering, and breathing became… challenging. My husband? Completely fine.

So now we know; I’m apparently allergic to the Sahara. Who knew?

Sahara Dust Storm when it went to white out? (red out?) conditions, Photo by Jim Samuelson, Crete, 1 Apr 2026.

Here’s the part that still gives me pause. Had we stayed on the cruise, we were scheduled to be in Santorini that same day. Cruise ships can’t dock there, so passengers rely on ferries and with that weather, those ferries wouldn’t have run.

We would have been stranded. No hotel. No luggage. No backup plan.

So… should I thank those bullying politicians?

Nope. Still not doing it.

One of the highlights of the trip was meeting a probable cousin at a small taverna in Crete. She’s a student at the University of Crete, originally from Kos and she looked exactly like me fifty years ago. Same dark hair, same eyes, same build. It startled my husband more than a little. She is even majoring in an area I did.

Maternal genetics don’t mess around even though I'm unable to prove we're cousins.

The next day we flew to Kos Island, where I had booked a half-day tour through Travelocity. The company happily charged my credit card back in December and then never showed up.

Fortunately, the staff at the Kos Aktis Art Hotel stepped in and found a replacement: a wonderful guide from UniKos Tours.

He took me to what had once been vineyards, very likely the same land my family worked generations ago. Today, it’s a gypsy camp. The residents didn’t mind me taking photos, which felt like a small but meaningful connection to the past.

From there, we visited the Asklepieion of Kos, walked the mountainside associated with Hippocrates, stood beneath the tree where he is said to have taught, explored two medieval castles, stopped at Aphrodite’s temple where the sky promptly opened up and drenched us and found a perfect place to watch the sunset from a mountaintop.

It was, in a word, extraordinary.

Our return home, however, was anything but.

Parthenon at Night. Photo by Lori Samuelson 25 March 2026.

By then, my cough had worsened and my eyes were constantly watering. We spent a sleepless night in the Athens airport before flying to Munich (2.5 hours), waiting two more hours, then enduring a 9.5-hour flight to Chicago. After that? Two hours navigating customs and security, then sprinting to catch our final 30-minute flight to Fort Wayne. We made it with 23 minutes to spare.

Then came the 40-minute drive home.

Happy Easter.

Easter Monday was spent going from doctor to doctor in Auburn. No one had seen a “Sahara dust storm victim” before, which didn’t inspire confidence. My physician child kept telling me to just ask for allergy meds, but no one would listen. I kept getting sent somewhere else.

I finally landed in an eye doctor’s office, someone who actually knew what they were looking at, and I’m now on the mend.

Several locals have told me they’d never travel the way I do, for fear of getting sick.

I’d do it again tomorrow.

Life is what you make of it. Fear doesn’t take you anywhere worth going.

Next week, I’ll answer some of the questions I’ve been getting about traveling to places a little off the grid.

Wednesday, April 8, 2026

An Island Without a Name

Photo by Lori Samuelson 4 April 2026

Did you guess where I traveled? It was Kos Island, Greece.

I’ve gone back in time, way back, to a place where my ancestors lived nearly 2,000 years ago. This journey didn’t begin with a record set or an archive, but with a story passed down by my grandmother. She said our family once left an island to the south, around the time of Christ. They were vintners. There were too many people. The land was dry. They left because they had to. She didn’t know the name of the island, only the reason they went.

For years, that story lingered as just that: a story. But when mitochondrial DNA entered the picture, something remarkable happened. My mtDNA traces directly across Kos Island, an island whose name my family has carried, in one form or another, since at least the 1200s, when I first find them documented in their later home in Croatia. Even more compelling, historical research confirms that Kos was overpopulated and experienced periods of drought roughly 2,000 years ago. The pieces fit, not perfectly, but persuasively.

What fascinates me most is not that the story was complete, but that it was true enough. Family stories rarely preserve dates, place names, or precise routes. What they do preserve are motives: hunger, pressure, hope, survival. In this case, the story of farmers leaving an unnamed island aligns with both genetic evidence and environmental history. That’s not coincidence, that’s migration memory.

This is why I never dismiss family stories outright. Even when details are missing or blurred, they often contain a core truth waiting to be tested. With the right tools, DNA, geography, climate history, and records, we can sometimes confirm far more than we expect. Migration leaves footprints not just in documents, but in names, occupations, and the quiet persistence of who we are.

Friday, March 20, 2026

What's Old is New

I attended an interesting lecture on a man named Edwin Butterworth. He died young, about 35, in a small village in Great Britain. I was not aware that the famous Baines historian hired local folks to gather information for his works. Baines was a non-conformist so he had difficulty gaining access to many of the English churches. He was a man of considerable means as he owned newspapers so he used his money to hire people to dig into the local records. One of those men was Edwin Butterworth. I absolutely love this quote he wrote in a letter to Peter Whittle, Editor of the Preston Chronicle published in 1836:

"The sons of this 'degenerate age' have I fear too little taste for the interesting details of Antiquarian publications. It is a well founded complaint that the majority of books now published are flimsy, slight and too imaginative. Works abounding in matters of fact useful knowledge and pure style are few. Utility is sacrificed to the rage of things for specious nothingness. This is an era of brief ostentation not of standard excellence - periods more brilliant in elaborate literature than the present have occurred in English history."

Umm, so I guess things haven't changed much since 1836?! If you are finding your family's eyes glaze over when use try to tell them about your awesome genealogical find - know that you aren't alone. Edwin felt the same way nearly 200 years ago.

I will be heading off on an adventure for the next two weeks so no blogs until I return. Happy Hunting!

Friday, March 13, 2026

How Did Medieval Europe Communicate Without Modern Technology?A Genealogist’s Reality Check

 

AI Image

While researching the dynastic connections for Volumes 3 & 4 of Echoes of Britannia, I kept having the same reaction over and over again: Wait… they were connected to where?

Britain was tying into Iberia.
Then Italy.
Then Hungary.
Then Byzantium.
Then Slavic territories far beyond anything that felt intuitively “British.”

I knew the Vikings went everywhere,  that part wasn’t surprising. But what caught me off guard was just how deeply Saxons, Normans, Franks, Iberians, Italians, Hungarians, and Byzantine-linked elites were woven into Britain’s ruling families. These weren’t isolated marriages or rare diplomatic curiosities. They were part of a broad, sustained network.

Which raises the obvious question modern minds struggle with:

How did this actually work?
No phones. No email. Limited literacy. Slow travel. Dozens of spoken languages.

And yet, it worked.

Genealogy, once again, forced me to rethink my assumptions.

  1. There Was No Single Spoken Language But There Was a System!

The medieval world did not rely on one universal spoken language. What it relied on instead was a layered communication system, where different languages served different purposes.

At the center of that system was Latin.

From roughly the ninth century through the late Middle Ages, Latin functioned as the administrative glue of Europe. It was the language of:

  • diplomacy
  • treaties
  • royal charters
  • marriage contracts
  • ecclesiastical records
  • legal proceedings

If something mattered across borders, it was written in Latin.

That doesn’t mean kings and queens sat around conversing fluently in Latin over dinner. It means their administrations could communicate seamlessly even when rulers themselves spoke different vernaculars.

This is an important distinction genealogy makes visible: rulers did not need to be literate if their systems were.

2. The Clergy Were the Communication Network

In a world without technology, communication was human and the most mobile, educated humans were clergy.

Priests, monks, bishops, and notaries:

  • were trained in Latin
  • moved between courts, monasteries, and dioceses
  • served as scribes, translators, advisors, and diplomats
  • maintained correspondence across thousands of miles

A bishop in England could correspond with a monastery in Italy or a royal court near Hungary with little difficulty because they shared the same educational foundation.

This clerical network is one of the most underestimated forces in medieval connectivity. It never truly collapsed, even in times of political chaos. Genealogy doesn’t always spotlight it because clergy leave fewer descendants but their documentary footprints are everywhere.

3. Vernacular Languages Were Not the Barrier We Imagine

Another modern assumption genealogy dismantles is the idea that language differences must have made communication nearly impossible.

In reality, elite multilingualism was normal.

Consider:

  • Norman rulers spoke Old French, governed English speakers, and relied on Latin documentation
  • Scandinavian elites blended Old Norse and Old English
  • Iberian courts operated in early Romance languages alongside Latin and often Arabic or Hebrew
  • Byzantine elites used Greek internally but communicated externally through Latin-trained intermediaries

Royal and noble children were frequently raised multilingual. They were fostered in foreign courts, educated by clerics, and married into households where new languages were learned as a matter of survival.

When a British noblewoman married into Castile or Lombardy, she didn’t arrive linguistically isolated. She arrived with tutors, chaplains, ladies-in-waiting, and clerks who maintained continuity while adaptation occurred.

4. Marriage Was a Communication Technology

Genealogy makes one thing clear over and over again: marriage carried infrastructure with it.

A dynastic marriage wasn’t just a bride and groom. It was:

  • an entourage
  • translators
  • administrators
  • cultural intermediaries

Courts didn’t become multilingual accidentally. Marriage imported language, customs, and political intelligence.

This is one reason Britain’s links to Iberia, Italy, and the Slavic world feel so sudden when viewed casually but look entirely logical when traced through families. Every marriage was also a conduit.

5, Trade Routes Were Information Routes

It’s impossible to separate genealogy from geography and this is where the Vikings stop being the “exception” and start being the illustration.

Trade routes across:

  • the North Sea
  • the Baltic
  • the Mediterranean
  • major river systems like the Rhine and Danube

moved more than goods. They moved ideas, norms, stories, political knowledge, and people.

England wasn’t at the edge of Europe. It was part of a maritime and river-based world that connected Britain to Byzantium more reliably than many inland regions.

By the time dynasties intermarried, the world they were entering was already familiar.

Byzantium Only Feels Distant Because We Were Taught It Was

For modern audiences, Byzantine connections often feel the most shocking. That’s largely because our historical narratives split “East” and “West” far earlier than medieval reality did.

In the medieval mind, Byzantium was:

  • Christian
  • imperial
  • diplomatically engaged
  • genealogically relevant

Byzantine elites used Greek internally and Latin externally. They intermarried with Slavic, Hungarian, and Western ruling houses. These connections didn’t feel exotic at the time, they feel exotic now because modern history textbooks simplified them away.

So Was There a Common Language?

Functionally, yes — Latin.

Practically, it depended on context.

Administration and law: Latin
Religion: Latin in the West, Greek in the East
Court life: local vernaculars and French
Diplomacy: Latin
Daily life: regional languages

This layered system worked because everyone understood its rules.

6. Why This Matters for Echoes of Britannia

Volumes 3 & 4 of my book didn’t uncover anomalies. It uncovered how Europe functioned.

Britain was not shaped in isolation. It was shaped through:

  • marriage networks
  • clerical communication
  • trade routes
  • multilingual courts

What feels astonishing now is only astonishing because modern narratives falsely emphasize fragmentation. Medieval Europe was plural but integrated.

7. The Larger Genealogical Lesson

Technology didn’t create connectivity.
People did.

Systems built on education, mobility, and shared administrative languages connected continents long before cables and satellites existed.

Genealogy reminds us of this quietly and persistently. Every marriage record, charter, and dynastic link tells the same story: the medieval world was more interconnected and more functional than we were taught to believe.

And once you see it, you can’t unsee it.

Tuesday, March 3, 2026

RootsTech is on the Horizon!

 

I’ll be heading to Salt Lake City for RootsTech, and if you’re attending in person, I’d truly love to connect. I’ll be presenting Voices That Vanish; Capturing Family Stories That Matter on 5 March at 9:30 AM in Room 155 EF, and you’re warmly invited to join me.

I also have a second session, What They Didn’t Write Down, available as a pre-recorded presentation available on 3/4 at 9:00 AM Mountain Time; please be sure to check that out as well.

Looking ahead, I’m becoming more intentional about meeting readers and fellow genealogists face-to-face, whether I’m presenting or simply attending. Conferences are as much about conversation as they are about lectures, and I hope this is the beginning of more informal, meaningful connections. If you see me at RootsTech, please say hello, I’d love that.

Friday, February 27, 2026

A Tech Lesson Learned The Hard Way

 

AI Image

Oh, technology. You love it when it works and you despise it when it fails.

I recently had a failure that stopped me cold, even though I was absolutely certain I had done everything right. I’m sharing what happened so you can avoid making the same mistake.

My number one rule has always been to back up. And I do. Religiously. But sometimes, even that isn’t enough.

I was working on Volume 5 of Echoes of Britannia when I realized it had grown too large and really needed to be split. I saved Volume 5, made a copy on my desktop, and renamed that copy Volume 6. Then I opened Volume 5, deleted the material that would live in Volume 6, saved, and closed it. Next, I opened Volume 6, deleted the material that belonged in Volume 5, saved, and closed that file as well.

That evening, I saved both files to Dropbox and to a standalone external hard drive.

All seemed right with the world. Sure.

Three weeks later, while working on Volume 8, I became confused about a pedigree and reopened Volume 6 to double-check a spouse. That’s when I noticed something was wrong. The footnote I was looking for was gone. In fact, nearly three-quarters of the footnotes in Volume 6 were missing.

I refused to panic. Surely it was just the way Word had loaded the document. I closed it without saving and reopened it.

Nope. Still gone.

No worries, I told myself. I’ll just open the Dropbox version.

The footnotes were gone there, too.

That actually made sense, every night I saved over the same files. But Dropbox keeps deleted versions for thirty days, right? Except…there was nothing to restore. Why? Because I hadn’t deleted the file. I had saved over it using the same filename. The old version was overwritten, not archived.

At this point, panic started to creep in but I reminded myself I also saved everything to a standalone hard drive. Surely that would save me.

It didn’t.

About a week and a half earlier, I had uploaded the entire folder to the drive, overwriting those files as well.

Now I was panicking and I knew I wasn’t thinking clearly. So I did the sensible thing: I turned to Geni, my trusty ChatGPT research assistant.

After I explained the situation, he calmly told me the truth: there was no way to recover what was lost.

Then, cheerfully, he added that it wasn’t so bad. I’d written it once, so I could write it again.

OMG. No. That was the last thing I wanted to hear.

Let’s just say you were lucky you weren’t at my house at that moment. I railed against the universe. How dare this happen when I had been so careful, so diligent, so responsible?

And then, right in the middle of that fury, it hit me.

Geni might have the footnotes.

Here’s something I didn’t fully appreciate until that moment: he did. Almost all of them.

As I wrote these volumes, I frequently turned to Geni with a skeleton narrative and uploaded my research finds. My prompt was always the same: “Write a short, tight, engaging narrative with Chicago-style footnotes from the information I provide, with no subheadings or conclusions.”

Using the chat search feature, I was able to locate most of those narratives. Rebuilding the footnotes wasn’t instant but it was possible. It took three full days to reattach everything, but that was infinitely better than starting from scratch.

Eight narratives were missing footnotes. Geni explained that saved chats can sometimes be lost during system upgrades, which may account for those gaps. He also gently pointed out something else I shouldn’t be doing: I tend to write very long chats. The longer the chat, the more likely parts of it may become difficult to retrieve later.

Lesson learned.

I now know that when I save files to Dropbox or to an external drive, I must rename them every time so they don’t overwrite earlier versions. Backups only work if the history survives.

AI has been a wonderful partner in my genealogy work over the past two years, but it never occurred to me that it might become the one place where my work still existed when everything else failed.

Add this to the list of reasons why I love AI.

Thursday, February 26, 2026

Palatines of America Conference

Registration opened for the 2026 Palatines to America National Conference, to be held in Lancaster, Pennsylvania, June 19, 2026. Early registration discount is available until April 15. The conference has activities and tours planned in addition to many presentations by genealogy experts on subjects related to German migration, military service, occupations, Revolutionary War experience, Amish and Mennonite research, and more. I’ll be presenting two talks – Palatinate Pathways:  From One Homeland to Many American Homes and From Soldiering to Civil Life. See full details at https://www.pennpalam.org/cpage.php?pt=19

Friday, February 20, 2026

What Genealogy Teaches Us About Adaptability and Why It Matters Now

AI Image

One of the unexpected gifts of long-term genealogical research is that, over time, patterns begin to emerge that have very little to do with dates, titles, or coats of arms and everything to do with human behavior.

I noticed one of those patterns recently while working on my latest books, Echoes of Britannia and Roots in the Rhineland. With the help of Geni, my AI research assistant, I found myself asking a deceptively simple question: Why wasn’t the House of Leiningen showing up where I expected it to?

The Leiningens were powerful. They ruled for centuries in the Rhineland. They were well-established, well-documented, and, as anyone who has worked with their records knows, deeply entrenched in their regional authority. I had researched them extensively for Roots in the Rhineland, and their historical footprint is undeniable. Queen Victoria herself was a descendant through the Leiningen line.

So why, as I worked through the dense, interconnected dynastic webs of Echoes of Britannia, did they largely fail to appear?

At first glance, it felt like a contradiction. Powerful families tend to turn up everywhere in medieval and early modern genealogy. They marry into other ruling houses. Their daughters become conduits of influence. Their descendants sit at the crossroads of multiple dynasties. That’s how the familiar “game changers” of Europe, certain Norman, French, German, and British houses came to shape the continent. Their power wasn’t just territorial. It was relational.

The Leiningens were different.

What emerged, as I stepped back and examined the pattern rather than the pedigree, was a quiet but telling truth: power alone doesn’t guarantee connection. And connection, not longevity, is what determines whether a family becomes part of the larger historical network.

The House of Leiningen, for all its strength, was comparatively insular. They intermarried narrowly, largely within a familiar circle of similarly placed families. They prized internal continuity over outward alliance. They produced many sons and comparatively few daughters who married “out.” When their influence appears clearly on the broader European stage, it is remarkably late, through Queen Victoria in the nineteenth century, pulling them forward into modern royalty rather than embedding them deeply in the medieval dynastic webs that underpin so much of European history.

Their absence from those networks isn’t a failure of research. It’s evidence of a choice.

As I worked through this realization, another contrast became apparent. Other houses, some equally old, some initially just as regional, eventually made different decisions. They leaned less on purity of line and more on adaptability. They allowed daughters to become bridges. They accepted change when political and social realities shifted. In doing so, they became connectors rather than enclaves.

One phrase summed it up perfectly: they leaned into adaptability over purity.

That sentence stopped me in my tracks, because it didn’t just explain a genealogical pattern. It explained something much larger.

In genealogy, families that cling too tightly to the known and the comfortable don’t necessarily disappear. They continue. They endure. But they fade in influence. They slowly detach from the currents shaping the wider world. Their names persist, but their relevance narrows.

And the more I thought about it, the harder it was not to see the parallel in our own time.

We are living in an era where many institutions, organizations, and even families are doing precisely what the Leiningens once did: clinging to familiar structures because they feel safe, even when those structures no longer work. Change is framed as threat. Adaptation is mistaken for abandonment. Preservation of identity becomes resistance to growth.

The irony that genealogy keeps teaching me is that adaptation isn’t the enemy of continuity. It’s the reason continuity survives.

The most interconnected families in Echoes of Britannia didn’t become influential because they were the purest or the most rigid. They became influential because they were willing to form alliances, reconsider strategies, and respond to changing realities. They didn’t abandon who they were but they acknowledged the world around them.

The families that refused to adapt often believed they were protecting themselves. In reality, they were limiting their future options.

Stagnation in genealogy doesn’t look like failure. It looks like stability. It’s quiet. Respectable. Sometimes even admired. But over time, the effect is unmistakable: fewer connections, fewer points of influence, fewer reasons for others to engage.

That insight has been surprisingly personal. In my own family line, the Leiningen branch eventually produced one son… whose son produced one daughter … me. Historically speaking, that was considered an ending. Even today, I see lingering attitudes among distant relatives that quietly reinforce the same old hierarchies of value. The prejudice against women isn’t a modern invention. It’s the echo of centuries-old decisions.

Genealogy has a way of making these things visible, whether we want to see them or not.

And that’s the real lesson I keep coming back to: Genealogy isn’t just about where we came from. It’s about how systems behave over time. Families, like societies, don’t stagnate because they lack strength. They stagnate because they confuse familiarity with sustainability.

The houses that dominate European history didn’t do so by staying comfortable. They did so by understanding that connection, across regions, ideas, and people, is what allows anything to grow.

Perhaps that’s why genealogy feels so unexpectedly relevant right now. It reminds us that survival is not the same as progress, longevity is not the same as influence, and purity of lineage or of thought, rarely prepares anyone for a changing world.

Sometimes the most valuable historical lesson isn’t about who ruled, but who adapted.

And genealogy, if we let it, is very good at telling us which was which.

Monday, February 16, 2026

Smart Roots: Hands-On AI for Family Historians

I’m pleased to share that I’ll be presenting a workshop at the National Genealogical Society Conference: WS01 Starting Smart with AI: Hands-On Tools for Family Historians, and I’d love for you to join me.

This session is designed to be practical and immediately useful, focusing on real examples, hands-on tools, and strategies that help family historians integrate AI thoughtfully into their research and workflow. Whether you’re just getting started or looking to refine how you use these tools, you’ll leave with ideas you can put into practice right away.

If you’re interested in attending, you can register using my personal referral link and code below:

🔗 https://whova.com/portal/registration/LEUZPBaoRt-vaFngte8X/?refer_code=plqof
🎟️ Referral Code: plqof

I hope to see some familiar faces in Fort Wayne, Indiana on 26 May, 9:00 AM–12:00 PM. Feel free to share this with colleagues or anyone interested in genealogy, research methodology, or practical AI applications.

Friday, February 13, 2026

Concluding a Narrative Writing Project

 

AI Generated

At 5:51 p.m. on 1 February, I finished the final narrative for my latest work, Echoes of Britannia.

It was a genuinely momentous moment. For the first time, I have written a narrative for every ancestor I can currently identify. That mattered to me more than I can easily explain. I wanted to leave my research to my descendants in a way that restores my forebears’ humanity after generations of being flattened into little more than names and dates inside a software program.

Treating their lives seriously mattered. Some of them made choices I wouldn’t have made. Some lived in ways that feel foreign or uncomfortable to modern sensibilities. But they deserved to be acknowledged. If not for them, I wouldn’t be here. None of us would.

I wanted to record their lives in a durable format, so I chose to present these stories as bound books. Actually, ten bound books. Yes, I did get a little carried away.

When I began sketching ideas last March for a book about my husband’s and my British ancestors, I had no idea how much research I had accumulated over the years. And, in all honesty, some of it was utter garbage. Early on, I trusted unsourced online trees. Some “sources” later turned out to be incorrect or wildly speculative. Pruning my tree was not fun, but it was necessary. I wanted a stable, explainable record; one where the evidence supports the tree, not the other way around. Family history shouldn’t rest entirely on folklore, though the tall tales sometimes earned a place, clearly labeled as such.

Initially, I imagined two volumes: one covering our five primary British ancestral lines as they extended into the United States, and a second devoted to their allied families “across the pond.” That plan didn’t last long. The records I had gathered, baptismal, marriage, and burial registers; land charters; court cases as plaintiffs and defendants; censuses taken hundreds of years ago, contained far too many compelling details to compress into just two books.

As the stories grew, so did the project. Two volumes became ten.
Volume 1 focuses on our family in the New World.
Volume 2 covers our medieval gentry.
Volumes 3 and 4 record the lives of knights and barons.

I thought that might be the end but I quickly learned our “British” ancestors were not always British. Volumes 5 and 6 explore our Anglo-Norman families who arrived in the British Isles around the time of William the Conqueror, who, somewhat astonishingly, turns out to be one of our many great-grandfathers. His lineage alone justified Volume 7: British High Nobility.

Even that wasn’t the end. Our family tree is less a tree than a bush. The final three volumes follow far-flung Continental European ancestors whose descendants eventually migrated to Great Britain.

Along the way, I’ve learned an extraordinary amount about historical eras I once barely understood. I’ll be sharing some of those discoveries here on the blog over the coming weeks.

Although the narrative writing is now complete, there is still plenty of work ahead before publication, editing, cleaning thousands of footnotes, writing an index (ugh), adding photographs, and sourcing every one of them. Still, the hardest part is finished.

And that feels pretty darn good.

Friday, February 6, 2026

When Silence Answers the Question


AI Image

There was a recent public discussion about artificial intelligence and genealogy that left me thinking, not emotionally, but analytically, about where our field is right now.

What struck me most was not what was said, but what wasn’t.

Several audience questions centered on whether AI should be used at all, or when AI might someday be capable of returning source citations. Those questions are revealing. They suggest a community still waiting for permission, still assuming capability lies in the future, and still being told to fear a tool that many genealogists are already using responsibly and effectively.

More concerning, however, were moments when concrete ethical scenarios were raised and no clear ethical line was drawn. When real examples involve other people’s data, living individuals, or derivative work, “it depends” is not guidance. It’s abdication.

Genealogy does not function well on ambiguity alone. Our work affects real families, real identities, and real relationships. Ethical frameworks only matter if they are applied when it’s uncomfortable to do so.

Silence is data.
So are the questions we choose to answer and the ones we avoid.

What this discussion confirmed for me is something I’ve been observing for months: much of the leadership around AI in genealogy is stalled. Not because the technology is unknowable, but because decision-making feels risky. Talking is safer than teaching. Warnings are safer than methods.

The work, however, is already happening, quietly, responsibly, and outside the spotlight.

And that’s where I’ll continue to focus my energy.

Friday, January 30, 2026

Dual Citizenship – An Update

 

AI Image

In November–December 2026, I wrote a series of blog posts about my experience obtaining records for dual citizenship. Since then, I’ve received weekly messages from people interested in pursuing dual citizenship themselves.

Let me be clear: I didn’t write those posts to discourage anyone. I wrote them to be transparent.

If I were hiring someone to help me with a complex, expensive, emotionally charged process, I would want honesty about the cost, the delays, the bureaucracy, and the unexpected hurdles. That’s what I aim to provide my clients in every aspect of my work.

One important disclosure: I contract with citizenship.eu and do not take private clients for dual citizenship applications. My role here is to share my experience, not to sell services.

By early December, I had finally received every record I requested, starting back in July. The last document to arrive was from NARA–DC: my grandmother’s ship manifest, which came on December 3. I didn’t blog about that particular request because it was made online but it came with its own challenges. The NARA website doesn’t always cooperate, the government shutdown delayed retrieval, and I couldn’t find a genealogist available to physically retrieve the record in Washington, D.C.

So yes, even the “easy” requests weren’t always easy. I then had to send it off to be apostilled. The record was returned to me 3 days ago.

If you’re considering dual citizenship, here’s what I wish someone had told me before I started.

  • Contact the consulate before you do anything else. Not after. Not halfway through. Before. This ensures you understand exactly what they require and it puts you on their radar. In my case, I was emailed detailed instructions which were clear and helpful.

Begin acquiring records and brace yourself. This phase is both expensive and time-consuming. I ordered two certified copies of every record and obtained several documents I didn’t initially plan to submit, simply to have a complete, redundant set in case anything was lost or damaged.

My total cost for records was $1317.80. That included my immigrant grandmother’s birth, marriage, death, ship manifest, and naturalization records; my mother’s birth and baptismal records (because no civil birth record existed), marriage, and death certificates; my own birth and marriage records (both church and civil, because my given name differed); my husband’s birth certificate; and the birth certificates of my adult children and their partners. Some of us all also needed to update our passports which were due for renewal.

I also obtained records I didn’t expect to submit, death certificates for my great-grandparents, my grandfather, and my father, along with his birth certificate, just in case questions arose about lineage. I may not need them, but I sleep better knowing they exist. Those costs are not included in the above total.

  • Every document must be apostilled. This is a separate authentication process that verifies the legitimacy of public documents for international use. Apostilles add both time and cost, and the process varies depending on whether the document is state or federally issued.

All of the records I plan to submit require apostilles, including birth, marriage, death, naturalization, ship manifests, and FBI clearance. Each record must be sent to the appropriate authority; the state records to the Secretary of State, federal records to the U.S. Department of State, along with forms and fees.

So far, my apostille costs total $305.00, with one state still remaining. I plan to handle Illinois in person because mail processing there is painfully slow. My mailing costs alone reached $92.45 and that amount increased when Florida rejected my apostille request because I included a church marriage record they would not certify. That error added a month-long delay and another trip to the post office.

Here’s my strongest advice: always include a prepaid return envelope with tracking. It costs more, but if documents are sent back by regular mail, they can disappear forever.

  •  FBI clearance was surprisingly the easiest step. You complete the application online and should not include your Social Security number, since the document will be sent overseas. After submitting the form, you’re directed to a local post office for fingerprinting. We opted for electronic fingerprints and received results almost immediately, before we even paid the fee while waiting in line at the site.

If electronic fingerprinting fails, you’ll need to use a paper card and mail it in, which adds time and cost. Ironically, the FBI clearance often considered the slowest part, was the fastest, aside from the three months it took for the apostille.

  • You will need a certified translator. Ask the consulate if they have preferred translators, or research carefully through reliable sources (yes, Reddit threads can be useful here). Certified translators are approved by the courts of the country where you’re applying, and they are expensive.

I haven’t completed all translations yet, but the estimated cost will be around $5,000. Some translators will assist with applications, biographies, and statements of intent; others will not. I chose to work with a genealogist who obtained my grandmother’s baptismal record, a trusted colleague who kindly offered a discounted rate.

  • This is where patience goes to die, acquiring records from the country of origin is not easier than obtaining them in the U.S.

In my case, it took two months to obtain a single certified record. The office closed for two weeks for vacation. When the genealogist arrived at the scheduled appointment, she was told, incorrectly, that the church had to issue the record. A week later, the church sent her back to the civil office. Then the church had to write a letter instructing the civil office to release the document. Two more weeks passed before the record was issued. Then it took three weeks for international mail to deliver it.

No one was rude. No one was helpful. Bureaucracy is bureaucracy everywhere.

  • Understand that dual citizenship is a process of hurry up and wait. Once our records are translated, my family will wait until late October for our consulate appointment in Chicago. There, a consular employee will review our documents to ensure we are submitting the correct ones. Copies will be retained by the consulate, the certified apostilled originals with transcription and that apostilled sent overseas (and yes, I ordered extras because I’m paranoid). There is a fee for submission that is reasonable, considering how much was already spent.

After submission, the waiting begins, sometimes two to five years or more.

I also incurred costs for hotel/gas/parking/meals while we tried to obtain records in person. ($703.47).

So far, I've spent less than average as typically dual citizenship can cost between $10,000-20,000.00. My cost was less because I sought out the records on my own in all but one case. I also did not hire a lawyer which is sometimes needed, depending on the country and the situation.

So why would anyone willingly endure this?

Everyone’s reasons are different. For my family, it’s about global mobility and connection. We still practice the customs of my grandmother’s culture, and when we are in Croatia, it feels like home. There should be a language barrier because our Croatian stinks but somehow we razumjeti (understand). I'll be working on improving while we wait for the decision.

Others pursue dual citizenship for healthcare, education, lower living costs, or expanded career opportunities. Business owners may relocate to continue serving existing clients while building new markets. And many younger applicants, especially those in their twenties, simply want options. I hear that sentiment often.

Dual citizenship is not a weekend project, a budget-friendly endeavor, or a fast-track solution to anything. It is expensive, slow, frustrating, and emotionally taxing. It requires organization, patience, and a tolerance for bureaucracy that most people don’t realize they lack until they’re knee-deep in certified copies and apostille forms.

But for those who value connection, opportunity, and the ability to move through the world with greater freedom, it can be worth every delay and every dollar.

My goal in sharing this update isn’t to persuade you one way or the other. It’s to help you make an informed decision. If you choose to pursue dual citizenship, go in with open eyes, realistic expectations, and a very good filing system. And if you decide it’s not for you, that’s not failure, that’s wisdom.

If this process has taught me anything, it’s that knowing what you’re walking into makes all the difference.

Friday, January 23, 2026

Two Kinds of Learners (and Why Genealogy Needs Both)

 

AI Generated

Someone recently observed that there are two kinds of people in the world:

Those who learn by reading the manual.
And those who learn by pushing buttons.

My husband calls me “click-happy.” He means it affectionately and accurately. When I’m faced with new technology, my instinct is to explore. To try things. To see what happens. That’s how I learn.

Some people learn top-down. They want the framework first. The theory. The rules. They read, then they act.

Others learn bottom-up. They learn by doing. By experimenting. By poking at the edges and seeing what’s possible, then building understanding from experience.

And over the years, I’ve realized something important: neither of these approaches is wrong.

Most of us are actually a mix of both, depending on the tool and the stakes.

But in genealogy? Let’s be honest. Very few of us learned Ancestry, FamilySearch, DNA tools, or mapping tools by sitting down with a 300-page manual first. We learned by searching. Clicking. Trying. Backing up. Trying again.

And when I look back at some of the most important breakthroughs in my own research: Croatia, the Palatine migrations, strange boundary changes, unexpected court records, whole clusters of “this can’t be right… oh wait, it is” moments, not a single one of them began with a manual.

They began with curiosity.

With clicking.

With trying something that wasn’t in the plan.

The manual tells you how a tool is supposed to work. Exploration shows you what it’s actually good for.

Here’s the part that really matters, though: the real risk in genealogy (and in tech generally) isn’t clicking. It’s not having good habits.

What actually protects your work is not fear. It’s practice:

  • Working on copies, not originals
  • Having backups (and backups of backups)
  • Using version history and undo (Ctrl+Z) after analyzing and discovering your first find wasn't accurate
  • Not trusting any single tool, human or machine, blindly

Fear doesn’t protect data. Habits do.

We already live in a world where far more damage is done by accidental deletes, bad syncing, overwritten files, and simple human error than by any new tool. AI doesn’t change that reality, it just joins the long list of tools we learn to use wisely.

And in a field like genealogy, which is built on exploration, pattern-spotting, and following trails that might go nowhere, curiosity isn’t a flaw. It’s a requirement.

Archives don’t come with manuals.
Families don’t come with instructions.
Records don’t announce what they’re going to reveal.

You find things by trying paths that might not work.

So yes, some people will always prefer to read first and click later. Others will click first and read later. Both approaches have value. But let’s not confuse curiosity with recklessness, or caution with wisdom.

We don’t need fewer curious genealogists.

We need more curious genealogists with good habits.

Because almost every real discovery starts the same way:

“Huh. I wonder what happens if I click this.”

Friday, January 16, 2026

Before Vaccines: The Quiet Evidence in Our Family Trees

 

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If you build enough family trees, you start to notice patterns that don’t show up in history textbooks. Clusters of deaths. Children gone within days or weeks of each other. Young adults who disappear from the records in the same winter. Entire branches that simply… stop.

Before vaccines, epidemics were not rare events. They were a recurring feature of American life. And their story is written, quietly and relentlessly, in our family trees.

Genealogists see this world all the time. We see it in death certificates. In burial registers. In families where three or four children never reach adulthood. We see it in causes of death that barely register emotionally anymore because they’ve become abstract words: influenza, pneumonia, tuberculosis, diphtheria, measles, scarlet fever, small pox.

But these were not abstractions. They were people. Families. Empty chairs at tables.

One of my first family members in America to die of a preventable disease today was my 4th great grandfather's John Morrison's first wife and child, Isobel Fraser Morrison and their son, Alexander. Philiadelphia experienced a yellow fever epidemic and the dead were recorded in a book written the following year. John would go on to marry Elenor Jackson Robinson, a widow of another victim, James Robinson.

Mathew Carey. A Short Account of the Malignant Fever Lately Prevalent in Philadelphia, London, England, 1794, p. 148, digital image; Googlebooks.com: accessed 10 Jan 2026.

One of my great grandmothers was Emma Kuhn Landfair. Her death certificate lists tuberculosis. That alone would have been enough. But the story doesn’t end there. Like so many women of her time, Emma lived in circumstances that made both illness and survival harder than they should have been. Tuberculosis was the disease that took her, but it did not act alone. The record tells us the official cause. The context tells us the rest.

Emma lost two children to disease that could have been prevented today with vaccines. Her oldest son, John Leo Landfair died at age 1 of "brain fever," likely encephalitis or meningitis.

Ohio County Death Records, 1840-2001, John L. Landfair, 1886, digital image; FamilySearch.org: accessed 10 Jan 2026, image 154 of 173, citing FHIL Film 004017319.

In 1985, the infant son of a former colleague and dear friend contracted meningitis. He survived, but it changed the course of his life, leaving him with permanent disabilities. Thankfully, there is a vaccine for that today.

Another family member is Joseph Kos Sr., who died during the great influenza epidemic of 1918–1919. That pandemic is now a paragraph in history books. In real families, it was a before-and-after moment. It erased parents. It left children without fathers and mothers. It rewrote futures in a single season.

A few weeks ago I had community member tell me that she would not get the flu vaccine because she had survived having the flu in the past. Joseph Koss didn't have an option as no vaccine was available for him. He was just 41 years old when he died.

These are not statistics. These are my people.

And they are not unusual.

Every genealogist who looks closely enough at their own tree will find similar stories.

But the past is not only in our documents. Some of it still lives in memory.

When I was in third grade, a classmate of mine died of meningitis. I still remember him. I still remember the call my mom got from our class's PTA rep who asked my mom to come to school, which had been cancelled, to clean the room. They burned everything in our classroom in the school's incinerator, hoping to end the spread of the disease. We didn't return to class for a week and when we did, all remindings of Michael were gone. But I didn't forget, I still have his photo.

Michael

Two neighborhood friends, Ray and Carol, survived rubella, but not without permanent consequences. They lived, but they lived changed. I also almost died of rubella myself.

Ray, Lori, Mike, Carol, photo taken by Dorothy Koss Leininger, Jun 1966.

And there was a girl I knew who spent her days in an iron lung due to polio. Many people today have never seen one. I have not forgotten.

These things are not ancient history. They are not medieval. They are not myths.

They are the world as it was within living memory.

And here is the part that is easy to miss: many of the causes of death that appear again and again in our family trees simply stop appearing once vaccines become widespread. Not because people suddenly became braver. Or healthier. Or morally better.

But because we changed the environment in which these diseases could kill.

When prevention works well, something strange happens: people forget what it was preventing.

We forget child cemeteries.
We forget iron lungs.
We forget winters when families lost two or three children in a single season.

Genealogists are among the few people who still routinely encounter the pre-vaccine world, because we read its paperwork.

This conflict is not new in America, either.

Benjamin Franklin lost a young son to smallpox. He had wanted the boy inoculated. His wife had refused. Franklin later wrote of his regret with extraordinary bitterness. Even in the eighteenth century, Americans were already living this argument. And already paying its price.

This is not a story about politics.

It is a story about memory.

It is about whether we remember what kind of world our ancestors actually lived in or whether we let that world fade into comfortable abstraction.

As we approach America’s 250th anniversary, it’s worth asking what kind of nation we want to remember ourselves as. A nation is not only its ideals and its founding documents. It is also how many children lived to grow up. How many parents made it home. How many families were spared grief.

Our family trees are not just records of who belonged to us.

They are records of who was taken.

The dead cannot tell us what they would have chosen. But they can tell us what it cost when there was no protection.

And they do, quietly, patiently, on every page of our family history.

Friday, January 9, 2026

Ultimate Guide to Mastering FamilySearch Book Review

 

Available at Genealogical.com

Today’s blog is a book review of Ultimate Guide to Mastering FamilySearch by Dana Ann Palmer. Long-time readers won’t be surprised to learn how this review came about; it was a classic Lorism moment.

Shortly before Christmas, during a snowstorm, my husband braved the walk to the mailbox while I stayed inside working on a client report. “You got a package,” he called. I wasn’t expecting anything; our Christmas gifts were already wrapped and stacked in a box waiting to be transported to one of our adult children’s homes on Christmas Eve. Curious, I abandoned my computer to investigate.

The return address was Genealogical Publishing Company, but I couldn’t recall ordering anything. Inside was Ultimate Guide to Mastering FamilySearch, along with a packing slip clearly intended for someone else. Confused, I emailed the publisher and received a quick reply: I could keep the book, and they’d look into the mix-up. After a couple of emails back and forth, I agreed to write a blog post about it.

Apparently, the universe really wanted me to have this book and you might want one, too.

This is a hefty volume and very much a “start here” guide for those who want to use FamilySearch.org but aren’t, as my husband affectionately calls me, “click-happy.” By that, he means fearless and impatient: I will boldly click my way through a new website without hesitation. If FamilySearch feels overwhelming or intimidating, this book is clearly designed for you.

It’s also well-suited for people who aren’t particularly comfortable with computers. The book is packed with screenshots showing exactly what the pages look like, so readers can follow along visually and reassure themselves they’re in the right place.

That visual-heavy approach did raise one concern, which I shared with the publisher: websites change. A lot. Screenshots age quickly, and I worried the book could become obsolete. I was told that updates would be posted on the publisher’s website if FamilySearch undergoes major changes. Problem solved.

If you’re a beginner but not much of a reader, no worries. Although the book runs 225 pages, most of that is screenshots, arrows, and visual cues. The actual text is limited. Follow the red arrows and you’ll be just fine.

My advice for everyone, regardless of experience level, is to start with the summary on page 222. It’s one of the strongest sections of the book and provides a solid overview. The Table of Contents and Index are also genuinely useful, especially for intermediate users who already know the basics and want to jump directly to specific tools.

I was surprised to see that the book includes information on CETs (Community Owned Trees), which are user-created trees donated to FamilySearch via GEDCOM. These are not the same as the global Family Tree that all users can edit. What isn’t stated and really should be is the usual caveat: like all online trees, errors happen. Beginners especially need to remember that information being recorded does not make it correct.

That said, CETs are typically created and donated by professional genealogists. Are they perfect? No. But they are far more likely to be compiled using the Genealogical Proof Standard and to be fully sourced. I plan to donate my own tree someday, assuming I ever finish my Great Britain research (sigh).

I was equally pleased to see extensive coverage of one of my favorite FamilySearch tools: the FamilySearch Wiki. This is an outstanding resource, particularly when used alongside a traditional search engine and AI tools. The Wiki is often the fastest way to determine what records exist, where they’re held, and what gaps remain. Not everything has been digitized, and the Wiki helps keep expectations realistic.

It’s important to remember that the Wiki is static, it changes only when FamilySearch employees update it. My recommendation is to start there, then move on to dynamic tools like search engines and AI to see what else might be available.

For intermediate users and above, the searching tricks in Chapter 3 are especially useful. We can all use a reminder to use Boolean searching effectively. The book also walks readers through FamilySearch’s AI-powered Full-Text Search tool. If you haven’t had success with it yet, the step-by-step instructions here are worth following. Full-Text Search, combined with DNA results, has helped me solve several brick walls in just the past year.

I was also glad to see a section devoted to Images, which was my favorite FamilySearch feature long before Full-Text Search existed and one I still rely on heavily. One thing I’d add, though, is a warning for beginners: microfilm collections can be confusing. To avoid waste, records from one locality may be followed immediately by entirely different record types from another place halfway around the world. It’s efficient, but it can definitely throw off someone new to the platform.

My only real suggestion for improvement is that the book should begin with a clear, step-by-step explanation of how to create a FamilySearch account. It isn’t difficult, but for users who don’t spend much time online, even that first step can be intimidating.

Ultimate Guide to Mastering FamilySearch does exactly what it promises: it walks beginners, patiently and visually, through a platform that can otherwise feel overwhelming. Its strength lies in its screenshots, structured guidance, and clear explanations of core tools, especially the Wiki, Full-Text Search, and Images.

If you’re new to FamilySearch, not especially tech-savvy, and prefer learning by seeing rather than reading, this book will likely feel reassuring and approachable. More experienced researchers may find it useful as a reference or refresher, though not groundbreaking.

In short: this is a visual instruction manual, not a methodology guide. Used wisely, it can help users get oriented and move in the right direction. Used uncritically, it risks reinforcing the idea that genealogy is about following arrows rather than evaluating evidence. As always, the tool is only as good as the researcher using it.

Available in both ebook and print through Genealogical.com.

When “I Know I’m Right” Replaces Research: A Troubling Trend in Genealogy

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